How to Drill Into Concrete

Drilling a hole into concrete is not much different from drilling into wood. You can use your handheld drill, but if you have large holes (1/2 inch/ 1.2 cm) or larger), or many holes to drill, consider renting a hammer drill or rotary hammer. You will need a carbide-tipped masonry drill bit the size of the hole.

Steps   

  1. Start with a small diameter masonry bit.
  2. Insert drill bit into drill.
  3. Set the clutch to the highest number.
  4. Mark the drill bit with masking tape at the length you want the hole deep.
  5. Keep the drill perpendicular to the surface.
  6. If using a standard drill, pull the drill out and back in every ten seconds. This acts as a hammer to get a bite on the concrete.
  7. If progress is slow, you hit an aggregate. Insert a masonry nail, hit with hammer to break the aggregate.
  8. After drilling pilot hole finish with desired bit size.


Tips   

  • Blow out any concrete debris with a large air hose or compressed air in a can or vacuum it clean.
  • If your progress is too slow, use a smaller drill bit and drill a pilot hole.
  • Many drills feature depth gauges. Use them. If your drill doesn't have one, try wrapping masking tape around the bit at the desired depth of penetration.
  • When using a hammer drill, you only need to withdraw the bit occasionally to remove concrete dust.
  • Running a small amount of water over the area while drilling with a hose will reduce the heat of the bit and the friction between the sides of the concrete and the drill.
  • A good quality drill with a pulse hammer setting will finish a hole in 5 minutes. A cheap battery drill will take 45 minutes or more. Based on personal tests drilling four holes for mounting a cabinet into thirty year old apartment-type concrete walls.
  • Screw into the mortar between blocks, if possible, as it is much easier to drill into mortar than concrete block. Always use lead anchors to hold the screws into place if you drill into the mortar, as screws set in mortar will work themselves loose over time. For some applications (electrical boxes, conduit straps) standard concrete screws (without anchors) are adequate. For any application where the screw will be subjected to weight (such as a bench, handrail or shelves) heavy duty lead anchors should be driven with a hammer into the holes and then screws driven into the anchors.
  • While it is possible to drill into concrete or brick with a standard drill, it is not advisable to try. The reason is that a standard drill acts on the principle of slicing into a fibrous material (like wood) or shaving off layers of metal (like aluminum and steel) and concrete/brick is not fibrous or composed of layers of material. Concrete/brick is a composite aggregate material (small rocks bound together with cement) for concrete, and minerals and stone bound together by heat for brick. To drill a hole in cement/brick requires two separate actions, hammering to break the aggregate, and drilling to scoop out the debris. This two stage process requires a hammer drill to accomplish properly. Usually attempts to drill into brick with a standard drill results in: 1) no holes actually being drilled, and 2) the motor of the drill overheating and the drill being ruined.


Warnings   

  • Protect your eyes with goggles when drilling and cleaning out the dust and debris.
  • The older the concrete, the harder it will be to drill.
  • When using water, be careful not to get the motor of your drill wet.
  • Take care not to breathe in the dust. Work only in well-ventilated areas and take all necessary precautions. Use a dust mask.
  • Be aware that stone in concrete can explode and expel chips into your face.
  • Be aware that masonry bits get very hot. Wear heavy gloves when drilling into concrete or brick.
  • Hammer drilling into concrete or brick is very noisy. Wear ear protection unless you are only drilling a couple of holes.